Are Narcissists Aware They Are Toxic?
“Narcissists are very retaliative if they believe another has achieved what they desire,
exposed their insecurities, or refused to be under their control.” ― Lorraine Nilon, Author

The term ‘Narcissist’ is frequently used to describe anyone who appears arrogant, selfish, or attention-seeking, but narcissism exists on a spectrum. Most people display narcissistic characteristics occasionally, particularly during periods of stress or success. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), on the other hand, is a recognized personality disorder involving a persistent pattern of grandiosity, entitlement, manipulation, and a lack of empathy that significantly affects relationships and everyday functioning. One of the most common questions people ask me is whether a narcissist actually knows that they are a narcissist. The answer is complicated because, although they enjoy admiration, seek control, or believe they are superior to others, these qualities are usually seen as positive. From their perspective, their behaviour feels justified, which makes genuine self-reflection particularly challenging.
Many narcissists are aware of how they behave but frequently lack insight into the effect their conduct has on others, with the vast majority understanding they manipulate situations, exaggerate achievements, or seek admiration, yet typically view their actions as being necessary, deserved, or even admirable. They tend to protect their self-image at all costs, so accepting they have serious flaws would threaten their inflated identity, which has been cultivated over a considerable amount of time and, as a result, they often minimize their mistakes, cast blame, rewrite events to suit their own narrative, or convince themselves of a narrative that proclaims they are the victim. Some openly admit that they enjoy being admired or having control over situations. Still, others reject the label entirely, insisting that everyone else is jealous, overly sensitive, or incapable of appreciating their talents or even greatness.
The Difference Between an Overt and Covert Narcissist
Although both types share many underlying characteristics, they express them in different ways.
Overt Narcissist
- Openly confident, bold, and attention-seeking.
- Frequently boasts about achievements or abilities.
- Enjoys being the centre of attention.
- Displays an obvious sense of superiority.
- Expects admiration and special treatment.
- Can become openly angry or aggressive when criticized.
- Often appears charismatic and persuasive during first impressions.
Covert Narcissist
- Appears quieter, more reserved, or even insecure.
- Often seeks sympathy rather than admiration.
- May present themselves as misunderstood or underappreciated.
- Is more likely to manipulate through guilt, passive-aggressive behaviour, or playing the victim.
- Feels entitled but expresses it less openly.
- Is highly sensitive to criticism, although this may not be immediately obvious.
- Can appear caring and selfless while quietly seeking validation and control.
Although their personalities can initially appear to be different, both overt and covert types generally share the same underlying need for validation, recognition, and control. Whether someone displays overt confidence or a more covert, vulnerable presentation, the underlying patterns are usually remarkably similar.
Why Do Narcissists Lack Empathy?
One of the defining characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a reduced ability to care about the feelings and needs of others. Psychologists believe this develops through a combination of genetic factors, early childhood experiences, and personality development, as some grow up receiving excessive praise without learning accountability. Others develop narcissistic traits as a defence against deep feelings of insecurity, rejection, or shame. Although these developmental pathways differ, both can result in an individual becoming intensely focused on protecting their self-image. It is important to understand that lacking empathy does not necessarily mean a narcissist cannot observe another person’s emotional states, as many are highly skilled at identifying how someone feels and mimicking those emotions when required. The difficulty lies in responding with genuine compassion when this conflicts with their own needs or objectives. For example, a narcissist may see clearly that their partner is upset, yet rather than offering comfort, they may dismiss those feelings, change the subject, use blaming as a tactic of attack, make accusations regarding overreacting, or use the situation to seek or regain control. In other words, they may possess good social awareness but limited emotional concern for the impact of their behaviour. This lack of empathy often explains why they repeatedly violate boundaries, manipulate others, or appear indifferent to the emotional damage they cause. Their primary focus tends to remain on protecting their own interests rather than considering how their actions affect those around them.
What are the Goals of a Narcissist in Relationships?
“Many survivors of a narcissist discover that they’ve sacrificed so much in an attempt to please the narcissist that they’ve lost sight of who they are. Rediscovering oneself involves reclaiming things once loved, be it passions, friendships, or even jobs.” ― Tracy Malone, Author
Healthy relationships are built upon mutual respect, trust, empathy, and emotional support; however Narcissists generally approach relationships very differently.
Their goals can include:
- Receiving constant admiration and validation.
- Maintaining control over the relationship.
- Protecting their self-image and reputation.
- Having their needs consistently prioritized.
- Avoiding accountability for their behaviour.
- Securing attention, affection, financial support, status, or practical benefits.
- Surrounding themselves with individuals who reinforce their sense of importance.
- Avoid situations that expose vulnerability or personal shortcomings.
This does not necessarily mean every narcissist consciously plans to manipulate or exploit the people in their lives; however, many naturally and ruthlessly adopt behaviours that help preserve their self-esteem and sense of superiority.

Summary
“It seems that many with NPD can create a lie and twist a tale so well that they start to believe it to be the truth themselves.” ― Neal Winsomer, Author
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is far more complex than simply being arrogant or self-centred, and many are aware of certain aspects of their personality but rarely believe they are the source of the problems within their relationships. Instead, they often blame other people, deny responsibility, or reinterpret events in ways that protect their self-image. A persistent need for admiration, a desire for control, a strong sense of entitlement, and a lack of genuine empathy can make healthy, balanced relationships extremely difficult to maintain. Rather than focusing solely on whether a person is actually a narcissist according to the clinical definition, it is more useful to ask a different question: Does this person’s consistent behaviour leave me feeling respected, emotionally safe, and valued? The answer to that question is often far more important than labelling someone. Only a trained mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, can formally diagnose Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
© Nigel Beckles





















